Flow Control ($$$)

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Read pages 111 to 117 about flow of control, the if statement, the switch statement, and the ? operator.

Here are examples of if statements:

if( $age > 65) {
echo "you can retire now";
}
if( $quantity < 10 ) {
$total = $price * $quantity;
} else {
# compute with a 5% discount
$total = $price * $quantity * .95;
}

note that these examples always use left and right braces { } to surround the block of statements to be executed in the if or else case. It is good practice to ALWAYS use these braces with all if or else parts.

You should always indent the code within the braces. This will make your programs easier and is an industry standard.
Note about the ? operator,

this is a way of making a choice within an expression, it behaves like a if statement, but returns a value based on the test performed to the context of where it is used.

for example if we want to give a 5% discount for $quanity greater than 10 when we compute the $total as in the code above, we can replace all the code above with:

$total = $price * $quantity * ($quantity < 10)? 1.0 , 0.95;

1.0 will be used for the multiply if the $quantity is < 10

Question:
What will the following code print out?

$x = 5;
$y = $x - 2;

switch($y) {
case 1:
echo "blue";
break;
case 2:
echo "yellow";
break;
case 3:
echo "green";
break;
case 4:
echo "white";
break;
default:
echo "black";
}