Protecting Your Computer: 7 Tips from the Federal Trade Commission

1.  Update Microsoft Windows. Update your computer's operating system as soon as possible. Regardless of the version of Windows you use, visit the Microsoft's Windows Update website (http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com) and install all "critical patches." You should also consider installing the recommended driver patches. Note: It's always a good idea to backup your important data before installing updates. Spammers scan the internet to find computers that aren't protected by security software, and then install bad software – known as "malware" – through those "open doors."

Hackers also take advantage of Web browsers (like Firefox or Internet Explorer) and operating system software (like Windows or Mac's OS) that don't have the latest security updates. Operating system companies issue security patches for flaws that they find in their systems, so it's important to set your operating system and Web browser software to download and install security patches automatically.

In addition, you can increase your online security by changing the built-in security and privacy settings in your operating system or browser. Check the "Tools" or "Options" menus to learn how to upgrade from the default settings. Use your "Help" function for more information about your choices.

If you're not using your computer for an extended period, disconnect it from the internet. When it's disconnected, the computer doesn't send or receive information from the internet and isn't vulnerable to hackers.

2.  Use antivirus software. Viruses can destroy your data, slow your computer's performance, cause a crash, or even allow spammers to send email through your account. It works by scanning your computer and your incoming email for viruses, and then deleting them. However, antivirus software has to be updated regularly, but you can set it up to update itself. security software protects against the newest threats only if it is up-to-date.

3.  Block spyware. Installed on your computer without your consent, spyware software monitors or controls your computer use. It may be used to send you pop-up ads, redirect your computer to websites, monitor your internet surfing, or record your keystrokes, which, in turn, could lead to the theft of your personal information. Some will 'hijack' your web browser and redirects you to their website, while others quietly download and install trojans, keylogger programs, etc. to your computer so hackers can take control of your computer later. Install and run an anti-spyware program such as:

A computer may be infected with spyware if it:

  • Slows down, malfunctions, or displays repeated error messages
  • Won't shut down or restart
  • Serves up a lot of pop-up ads, or displays them when you're not surfing the web
  • Displays web pages or programs you didn't intend to use, or sends emails you didn't write.

4.  Install a firewall - A firewall simply tries to block hackers from entering or using your computer. If you are using cable or DSL connections to the Internet, a hacker can attempt to break-in to your computer at any time. A firewall helps keep hackers from using your computer to send out your personal information without your permission. While anti-virus software scans incoming email and files, a firewall is like a guard, watching for outside attempts to access your system and blocking communications to and from sources you don't permit. The most common mistake home users make is buying a router/firewall but never resetting the default password...it's like leaving the keys in the door!

Some software-based firewalls include:

5. Use complex passwords.  Whether at work or at home, use complex passwords (and never write them down!). Using a password longer than 8 characters can greatly reduce the chance that someone will guess your password. Hackers don't usually sit there and try to guess your password one at a time. They use automated tools that can break a simple password in a few minutes to a few hours. You should change your password at least every 3 months and never reuse old passwords...be creative, come up with something new!

Keep your passwords in a secure place, and out of plain sight. Don't share them on the internet, over email, or on the phone. Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) should never ask for your password. In addition, hackers may try to figure out your passwords to gain access to your computer. To make it tougher for them:

  • Use passwords that have at least eight characters and include numbers or symbols. The longer the password, the tougher it is to crack. A 12-character password is stronger than one with eight characters.
  • Avoid common words: some hackers use programs that can try every word in the dictionary.
  • Don't use your personal information, your login name, or adjacent keys on the keyboard as passwords.
  • Change your passwords regularly (at a minimum, every 90 days).
  • Don't use the same password for each online account you access.

6. Backup your files. Burn your data to a CD, DVD, save to an external hard drives, or use a large USB drive to store all of your "data", documents, photos, music, etc.Back up important files. If you follow these tips, you're more likely to be free of interference from hackers, viruses, and spammers. But no system is completely secure. If you have important files stored on your computer, copy them onto a removable disc or an external hard drive, and store it in a safe place

7. Learn what to do in an e-mergency. If you suspect malware is lurking on your computer, stop shopping, banking, and other online activities that involve user names, passwords, or other sensitive information. Malware could be sending your personal information to identity thieves.

Confirm that your security software is up-to-date, then use it to scan your computer. Delete everything the program identifies as a problem. You may have to restart your computer for the changes to take effect. If the problem persists, you might want to call for professional help. If your computer is covered by a warranty that offers free tech support, contact the manufacturer. Before you call, write down the model and serial number of your computer, the name of any software you've installed, and a short description of the problem.

"7 Practices for Computer Security." OnGuard Online. Federal Trade Commission. Web. 7 June 2010. http://www.onguardonline.gov/topics/computer-security.aspx.
Last modified: Tuesday, June 26, 2012, 10:27 AM